ai
Interrogative pronoun:
- Who, whom: Used to ask about a person's identity or to inquire which specific person is involved in an action.
- Which one (of a group): Used to ask about a choice between specific people.
Indefinite pronoun:
- Anyone, anybody, someone, somebody: Used to refer to an unspecified or unknown person.
- Everyone, everybody: When used in structures like "ai cũng..." or "ai ai", it means "everyone" or "all people".
Negative pronoun:
- No one, nobody: When used in a negative sentence (e.g., "không ai"), it means "no one" or "nobody".
Interrogative pronoun:
- Anh là ai? (Who are you?)
- Cô ấy muốn gặp ai? (Whom does she want to see?)
- Trong hai người này, bạn chọn ai? (Between these two people, which one do you choose?)
Indefinite pronoun:
- Có ai trong phòng không? (Is there anyone in the room?)
- Ai đó đang gõ cửa. (Someone is knocking on the door.)
- Ai cũng phải tuân theo luật pháp. (Everyone must obey the law.)
Negative pronoun:
- Ở đây không có ai cả. (There is nobody here.)
- Tôi không quen ai trong công ty đó. (I don't know anyone in that company.)
"Dù anh là ai": No matter who you are.
- Dù anh là ai, anh cũng không được phép vào đây. (No matter who you are, you are not allowed to enter here.)
"Ai làm nấy chịu": Literally "Whoever does it, bears it." Equivalent to "You made your bed, now lie in it" or being responsible for one's own actions.
- Đây là quyết định của anh, ai làm nấy chịu. (This is your decision, you must face the consequences.)
"Ai ai": Everyone, all people (emphatic form).
- Tin buồn ấy, ai ai cũng biết. (Everyone knows that sad news.)
"Hơn ai hết": More than anyone else.
- Cô ấy, hơn ai hết, hiểu rõ vấn đề này. (She, more than anyone else, understands this issue clearly.)
Bất cứ ai (pronoun): Anyone, anybody (emphasizing no restriction).
- Dự án này mở cho bất cứ ai quan tâm. (This project is open to anyone who is interested.)
Chẳng ai (pronoun): No one, nobody (a more literary or emphatic form of "không ai").
- Lúc đó chẳng ai có mặt để chứng kiến. (At that time, no one was present to witness it.)
- Người nào (interrogative phrase): Which person (synonymous in interrogative use).
- Mọi người (noun phrase): Everyone, everybody (synonymous in the "ai cũng" sense).
"Ai giàu ba họ, ai khó ba đời": A proverb meaning "No family is permanently rich or poor for three generations." It implies that social and economic status can change over time.
"Biết ai mà chờ, biết ai mà ngóng": An idiom expressing helpless waiting, not knowing whom to wait for. It conveys a sense of uncertainty and longing.
- Who, whom, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody
- ai đó?Who is there?
- anh là ai?, anh muốn gặp ai?who are you? whom do you want to see?
- tôi muốn biết ai đã đưa ra lời gợi ý vô lý ấyI want to know who has dropped that absurd hint
- có ai trong phòng này không?is there anyone (anybody) in this room?
- có ai đó điện thoại cho anh trong lúc anh đi vắngsomebody (someone) made you a call during your absence
- Không có ai cảNot anybody (nobody)
- tôi không biết ai trong gia đình này cảI don't know anybody (anyone) in this family