stuffy

/'stʌfi/

Thân thiện

The room feels hot and stuffy with the windows closed.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Lacking fresh air; poorly ventilated: Describing a place or atmosphere that feels close, warm, and uncomfortable due to a lack of fresh air circulation.
   • Conventional, dull, and unimaginative: Describing a person, attitude, or event that is overly formal, conservative, and boring.
   • Having the nasal passages obstructed: Describing the physical sensation of a blocked nose, often due to a cold or allergies.

Usage and Examples

• Describing an environment:

  • The lecture hall was hot and stuffy.
  • Open a window; this room is getting stuffy.

• Describing a person or attitude:

  • He comes from a very stuffy, traditional family.
  • The club had a stuffy atmosphere and outdated rules.

• Describing a physical sensation:

  • I have a cold and my nose feels stuffy.

Advanced Usage and Nuances

• "Stuffy" vs. "Stodgy": While both can describe dull conventionality, "stodgy" often emphasizes heaviness, dullness, or being old-fashioned (e.g., , ), whereas "stuffy" emphasizes a rigid, airless, or formal quality.
• Implicit Judgment: Using "stuffy" to describe a person or environment often carries a negative connotation of being out of touch, overly proper, or boring.

Variants and Related Words

• Stuffily (adverb): In a stuffy manner.
  • The professor spoke stuffily about the rules of etiquette.
• Stuffiness (noun): The quality or state of being stuffy.
  • The stuffiness of the room was unbearable.
  • He was known for his intellectual stuffiness.

Synonyms

• Airless, close, fuggy: (for lacking fresh air).
• Stodgy, conventional, prim, strait-laced: (for being dull and formal).
• Congested, blocked, plugged-up: (for a blocked nose).

Antonyms

• Airy, ventilated, fresh: (for lacking fresh air).
• Unconventional, lively, relaxed, informal: (for being dull and formal).
• Clear, unblocked: (for a blocked nose).

Idioms and Common Phrases

• "Stuffy nose": A common phrase for nasal congestion.
  • I can't taste anything because I have a stuffy nose.
• "Stuffy old...": A disparaging phrase used before a noun (e.g., institution, person) to criticize it as being outdated and rigid.
  • He was tired of working for that stuffy old firm.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. affected with a sensation of stoppage or obstruction
   • a stuffy feeling in my chest
2. excessively conventional and unimaginative and hence dull
   • why is the middle class so stodgy, so utterly without a sense of humor?
   • a stodgy dinner party
3. lacking fresh air
   • a dusty airless attic
   • the dreadfully close atmosphere
   • hot and stuffy and the air was blue with smoke

Từ đồng nghĩa

• stodgy
• airless
• close
• unaired