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Definition

1. Proper Noun:

   • Sima Qian: A renowned historian and poet of the Han Dynasty in ancient China, famous for authoring the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), a foundational text of Chinese historiography.

2. Proper Noun:

   • Âu Cơ: A legendary figure in Vietnamese mythology, the immortal mountain fairy wife of Lạc Long Quân, and the mother of the first hundred Vietnamese people, from whom the Hùng Kings are descended.

3. Noun (Archaic):

   • A young maidservant: A female servant or attendant, typically young, in a historical or literary context.

Usage Examples

• Proper Noun (Sima Qian):
  • Tư Mã Thiên là tác giả của bộ "Sử Ký". (Sima Qian is the author of the Records of the Grand Historian.)
• Proper Noun (Âu Cơ):
  • Theo truyền thuyết, Âu Cơ và Lạc Long Quân là thủy tổ của người Việt. (According to legend, Âu Cơ and Lạc Long Quân are the progenitors of the Vietnamese people.)
• Noun (Maidservant):
  • Trong tác phẩm, cô ấy đóng vai một a hoàn. (In the literary work, she plays the role of a young maidservant.)

Advanced Usage

• The term is primarily used in historical, literary, or mythological contexts. When referring to the historian, it is often in academic discussions of Chinese history. When referring to Âu Cơ, it is central to narratives about Vietnamese national origin.

Variants and Related Words

• Sử ký / Shiji: The , the magnum opus of Sima Qian.
• Lạc Long Quân: The dragon lord husband of Âu Cơ in Vietnamese legend.
• Hùng Vương: The Hùng Kings, the legendary rulers descended from Âu Cơ and Lạc Long Quân.
• Tỳ nữ / Nữ tỳ: Other, more common terms for a female servant or maid.

Synonyms

• Sima Qian: Historian, chronicler, annalist.
• Âu Cơ: Progenitor, matriarch, fairy mother.
• A hoàn (Maidservant): Servant girl, attendant, handmaiden (archaic).

Cultural and Historical Notes

• Sima Qian: His work, the , established the model for Chinese historical records. His personal story of enduring castration as punishment for defending a general is often cited for his dedication to truthful historiography.
• Âu Cơ: Her story is a cornerstone of Vietnamese cultural identity, symbolizing the mountainous origins (through her) and coastal plains (through Lạc Long Quân) of the Vietnamese people. The phrase "con Rồng cháu Tiên" (children of the Dragon, grandchildren of the Fairy) references this lineage.
• A hoàn: This term reflects the social structures of pre-modern East Asian societies and is commonly found in classical literature and historical dramas.