Definition

1. Noun:
   • (Genetics): An exchange of chromosome parts between non-homologous chromosomes. This is a type of chromosomal rearrangement.
   • (Biology): The transport of dissolved material (such as sugars) within a plant, typically through the phloem.

Examples of Usage

• Noun (Genetics):
  • A chromosomal translocation was identified as the cause of the genetic disorder.
  • Reciprocal translocations involve a two-way exchange of genetic material.
• Noun (Biology):
  • The translocation of sugars from leaves to roots is a vital plant process.
  • Scientists studied the mechanism of nutrient translocation in the phloem.

Advanced Usage

• "Balanced translocation": A translocation where no genetic material is lost; the individual is typically a carrier but may not show symptoms.
  • A parent with a balanced translocation can pass an unbalanced form to their child.
• "Phloem translocation": Specifically refers to the movement of organic nutrients in plants.
  • Phloem translocation is driven by osmotic pressure gradients.

Variants and Related Words

• Translocate (verb): To move or transfer from one place to another.
  • The protein is translocated across the membrane.
• Translocator (noun): An agent or structure that facilitates translocation.
  • The ATP-binding cassette protein acts as a translocator.

Synonyms

• Rearrangement (Genetics): A general term for changes in chromosome structure.
• Transport (Biology): The general movement of substances.

Related Phrases

• Robertsonian translocation: A specific type of translocation where two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at the centromere.
  • Robertsonian translocation is a common cause of Down syndrome.
• Translocation breakpoint: The specific site on a chromosome where the break and exchange occur.
  • The gene was disrupted at the translocation breakpoint.

Noun

1. (genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts
   • translocations can result in serious congenital disorders
2. the transport of dissolved material within a plant