white-livered

/'wait'lipt/

Thân thiện

A timid clerk is too white-livered to ask his boss for a raise.

Definition

1. Adjective:
   • Cowardly, easily frightened; lacking courage: The term "white-livered" describes a person who is timid, fearful, or shows a lack of bravery. It is an archaic or literary synonym for "cowardly."

Usage

• The adjective "white-livered" is used attributively (before a noun) or predicatively (after a linking verb like "is" or "was"). It is a dated term, often found in older literature or used for stylistic effect to convey strong contempt for someone's lack of courage.

Examples

• Attributive use:
  • The white-livered knight refused to face the dragon. (The cowardly knight refused to face the dragon.)
• Predicative use:
  • He was accused of being white-livered for abandoning his post. (He was accused of being cowardly for abandoning his post.)
  • Do not listen to that white-livered traitor! (Do not listen to that cowardly traitor!)

Advanced Usage

• The term originates from the ancient belief that the liver was the seat of courage and that a pale or bloodless liver indicated a lack of bravery. Its use today is largely figurative and carries a strong pejorative tone.
• It can be used in metaphorical contexts to describe actions or policies perceived as weak or timid.
  • The council's white-livered response to the crisis angered the citizens. (The council's timid response to the crisis angered the citizens.)

Variants and Related Words

• Lily-livered (adj): A direct synonym with identical meaning and origin.
  • He is nothing but a lily-livered scoundrel.
• Chicken-livered (adj): An informal variant meaning cowardly.

Synonyms

• Cowardly: Lacking courage.
• Timid: Showing a lack of courage or confidence.
• Faint-hearted: Lacking conviction or boldness.
• Craven: Completely lacking in courage.
• Gutless: (Informal) lacking courage or determination.

Antonyms

• Brave: Ready to face danger or pain.
• Courageous: Not deterred by danger or pain.
• Valiant: Possessing or showing courage or determination.
• Bold: Confident and courageous.

Related Idioms

• To have a yellow streak (down one's back): To be cowardly.
  • He talks tough, but he has a yellow streak down his back.
• To show the white feather: To display cowardice. (This idiom shares the connotation of "white" symbolizing fear or cowardice.)
  • The soldier was accused of showing the white feather during the battle.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. easily frightened

Từ đồng nghĩa

• chicken
• chickenhearted
• lily-livered
• yellow
• yellow-bellied