perpendicular

/,pə:pən'dikjulə/
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perpendicular

The carpenter uses a square to ensure the two boards are perpendicular.

Definition

  1. Adjective:

    • At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface: Describing a relationship where two lines or surfaces meet at a right angle.
    • Exactly upright; vertical: Extending directly upward at a right angle to the horizon or a baseline.
    • Extremely steep: Rising or falling almost vertically.

  2. Noun:

    • A perpendicular line or plane: A line or surface that is at a right angle to another line or surface.
    • A vertical position or direction: The state or quality of being upright.
    • A plumb line: A cord with a weight, used to determine verticality.
    • A style of English Gothic architecture: Characterized by vertical lines, large windows, and fan vaulting.
Usage Examples

  • Adjective:

    • The two streets are perpendicular to each other.
    • The cliff had a perpendicular drop into the sea.
    • Ensure the post is perpendicular to the ground.

  • Noun:

    • Draw a perpendicular from point A to line BC.
    • The tower was built out of the perpendicular.
    • The architect studied the Perpendicular style of Gothic cathedrals.
Advanced Usage
  • "To be perpendicular to": To be at a right angle to something.
    • In a square, each side is perpendicular to its adjacent sides.
  • "Out of (the) perpendicular": Not vertical; leaning or tilted.
    • The old wall was several degrees out of the perpendicular.
Variants and Related Words
  • Perpendicularity (n): The quality or condition of being perpendicular.
    • The carpenter checked the perpendicularity of the frame.
  • Perpendicularly (adv): In a perpendicular manner.
    • The flagpole stood perpendicularly on the base.
Synonyms
  • Adjective: Vertical, upright, plumb, orthogonal (mathematics), sheer (for steepness).
  • Noun: Vertical, normal (geometry), plumb line.
Antonyms
  • Adjective: Parallel, horizontal, oblique, slanted.
  • Noun: Horizontal, parallel.
Related Phrases and Concepts
  • Perpendicular bisector (n): A line that divides another line segment into two equal parts at a 90-degree angle.
    • Find the perpendicular bisector of the chord.
  • Perpendicular distance: The shortest distance from a point to a line or plane, measured along a perpendicular.
    • Calculate the perpendicular distance from the point to the plane.
perpendicular

The carpenter uses a square to ensure the two boards are perpendicular.

Adjective
  1. extremely steep
    • the great perpendicular face of the cliff
  2. at right angles to the plane of the horizon or a base line
    • a vertical camera angle
    • the monument consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal slab
    • measure the perpendicular height
  3. intersecting at or forming right angles
    • the axes are perpendicular to each other
Noun
  1. an extremely steep face
  2. a cord from which a metal weight is suspended pointing directly to the earth's center of gravity; used to determine the vertical from a given point
  3. a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines and a four-centered (Tudor) arch and fan vaulting
  4. a straight line at right angles to another line

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