cartesian

/kɑ:'ti:zjən/

Thân thiện

A philosopher studies a Cartesian coordinate system on a chalkboard.

Definition

1. Adjective:

   • Relating to the French philosopher René Descartes, his philosophy, or his mathematical methods: This sense describes anything connected to the ideas, principles, or system of thought developed by René Descartes, particularly his emphasis on rational doubt and the mind-body distinction.
   • Based on or derived from the philosophy of René Descartes: This describes systems, arguments, or concepts that originate from or are structured according to Cartesian principles.

2. Noun:

   • A follower or adherent of the philosophy of René Descartes: This refers to a person who subscribes to the philosophical doctrines of Descartes.

Examples of Usage

• Adjective:
  • The philosopher presented a Cartesian argument for the existence of the self. (The argument was based on the principles of Descartes.)
  • The Cartesian coordinate system is fundamental to analytic geometry. (This system is named for and derived from the work of Descartes.)
• Noun:
  • As a dedicated Cartesian, she believed in the primacy of the thinking subject. (She was a follower of Descartes's philosophy.)

Advanced Usage

• "Cartesian dualism": The philosophical doctrine, originating from Descartes, that the mind and body are distinct and separable substances.
  • The problem of consciousness is often framed within the context of Cartesian dualism.
• "Cartesian doubt": The methodological skepticism advocated by Descartes, doubting all beliefs that could possibly be false to establish a foundation of certain knowledge.
  • He employed Cartesian doubt to question even the most basic sensory experiences.

Variants and Related Words

• Cartesianism (n): The philosophical system of René Descartes or the collective doctrines of his followers.
  • The history of modern philosophy is deeply influenced by Cartesianism.
• Cartesian product (n): In set theory, a mathematical operation that returns a set from multiple sets, named by analogy to Cartesian coordinates.
  • The Cartesian product of sets A and B is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b).

Synonyms

• Adjective: Descartesian (rarely used), Rationalist (in a specific philosophical context).
• Noun: Follower of Descartes, Rationalist.

Related Phrases

• "Cartesian circle": A potential logical fallacy in Descartes's philosophy, where the existence of God is used to validate clear and distinct perceptions, which were themselves used to prove God's existence.
  • Scholars have long debated whether Descartes's argument falls prey to the Cartesian circle.
• "Cartesian theater": A critical term coined by philosopher Daniel Dennett to describe what he sees as the flawed model in Cartesian dualism, where a homunculus (a "little person") inside the brain views sensory input as if on a screen.
  • Dennett argues that the model of consciousness as a Cartesian theater is incoherent.

Học thuật

Adjective

1. of or relating to Rene Descartes or his works
   • Cartesian linguistics

Noun

1. a follower of Cartesian thought

Từ đồng nghĩa

• cartesian