reference

/'refrəns/
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reference

The student checks the reference at the back of the textbook.

Definition

  1. Noun:

    • The act of referring or consulting: The process of looking at something for information or guidance.
    • A mention or allusion: An act of directing attention to or speaking about something or someone.
    • A source of information: A book, document, or person that provides authoritative facts or data.
    • A statement about a person's character or abilities: A formal recommendation, often from a former employer or associate.
    • A relation or connection: The link between a word, phrase, or symbol and the object, idea, or concept it represents.
    • A direction in a text: A note, symbol, or number in a book that tells the reader to look at another part for more information.

  2. Verb:

    • To mention or allude to: To direct attention to something in speech or writing.
    • To provide with citations or sources: To cite or point to authoritative works or data.
    • To assign for consideration: To send or direct someone to a person or source for information or a decision.
Usage Examples

  • Noun:

    • He made a reference to the company's policy during the meeting. (He mentioned the policy.)
    • This encyclopedia is an excellent reference for historical dates. (It is a good source of information.)
    • She listed her former manager as a reference on her job application. (She named someone who can recommend her.)
    • The reference between the word "tree" and the actual plant is established by language. (There is a conceptual link.)
    • See the appendix for further reference. (Look at the appendix for more details.)

  • Verb:

    • The author referenced several scientific studies in her paper. (She cited the studies.)
    • The manual references a more detailed guide available online. (It directs the reader to another source.)
Advanced Usage

  • "With reference to": Concerning or regarding.

    • With reference to your email, I have attached the requested document. (Regarding your email...)

  • "For future reference": For use or consultation at a later time.

    • Keep this manual for future reference. (Keep it so you can look at it later if needed.)

  • "Frame of reference": A set of ideas, conditions, or assumptions that determine how something is perceived or understood.

    • His cultural background provides a different frame of reference for understanding the story.
Variants and Related Words

  • Refer (verb): To mention, direct attention to, or look at for information.

    • Please refer to the instructions on page five.

  • Referral (noun): The act of sending or directing someone to a person or place for help or information.

    • The doctor gave me a referral to a specialist.

  • Referential (adjective): Containing or of the nature of references; pointing to something else.

    • The document's referential style makes it easy to find related information.
Synonyms
  • Citation: A quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author.
  • Allusion: An indirect or passing reference.
  • Source: A place, person, or thing from which information originates.
  • Recommendation: A statement praising someone's abilities or character.
Related Phrases (Phrasal Verbs)
  • Reference back to: To refer again to something previously mentioned.
    • The speaker kept referencing back to his main point throughout the lecture.
Related Idioms

  • Terms of reference: The scope and limitations of an activity or area of knowledge.

    • The committee's terms of reference were clearly defined at the first meeting.

  • Without reference to: Without considering or taking into account.

    • The decision was made without reference to the financial consequences.
reference

The student checks the reference at the back of the textbook.

Noun
  1. the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to
    • he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes
  2. (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored
  3. a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to
    • he carried an armful of references back to his desk
    • he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation
  4. the act of referring or consulting
    • reference to an encyclopedia produced the answer
  5. the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to
    • the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos
  6. a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability
    • requests for character references are all too often answered evasively
  7. a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts
    • he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic
  8. an indicator that orients you generally
    • it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved
  9. a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage
    • the student's essay failed to list several important citations
    • the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book
    • the article includes mention of similar clinical cases
  10. a remark that calls attention to something or someone
    • she made frequent mention of her promotion
    • there was no mention of it
    • the speaker made several references to his wife
Verb
  1. refer to
    • he referenced his colleagues' work

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