immunize

/'imju:naiz/ Cách viết khác : (immunise) /'imju:naiz/

Thân thiện

The nurse will immunize the children at the clinic.

Definition

1. Verb (transitive):
   • To make a person or animal immune to a disease, typically by administering a vaccine. This is the primary medical meaning. The process introduces a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen to stimulate the body's immune system to develop defenses without causing the full disease.
   • To grant legal protection or exemption from prosecution or penalty. This is a formal, legal usage.

Examples of Usage

• Verb (Medical):
  • Public health campaigns aim to immunize all children against measles.
  • The new vaccine could help immunize vulnerable populations.
  • Have you been immunized against tetanus?
• Verb (Legal):
  • The witness was immunized in exchange for his testimony.
  • The agreement immunizes the company from certain lawsuits.

Advanced Usage

• "To immunize someone against something": This is the standard collocation for the medical meaning, specifying the disease.
  • The program successfully immunized the community against polio.
• "To immunize someone from something": This is often used for the legal meaning, indicating protection from a legal consequence.
  • The contract clause immunizes the manufacturer from liability for misuse.

Variants and Related Words

• Immunization (n): The act of making immune, or the state of being immune; vaccination.
  • Childhood immunization is crucial for public health.
• Immunity (n): The state of being immune, either biologically or legally.
  • The vaccine provides long-term immunity.
  • Diplomatic immunity protects ambassadors from prosecution.
• Immune (adj): Protected against a particular disease or exempt from an obligation.
  • Once recovered, she was immune to the virus.
  • No one is immune from criticism.

Synonyms

• Vaccinate: (Medical) To administer a vaccine to produce immunity. Often used interchangeably with "immunize," though "vaccinate" specifically refers to the act of giving the vaccine, while "immunize" emphasizes the resulting state of protection.
• Inoculate: (Medical) A more technical synonym for vaccinate.
• Protect: (General) To keep safe from harm.
• Shield: (General/Figurative) To protect from something undesirable.
• Exempt: (Legal) To free from an obligation or liability.

Related Phrasal Verbs / Constructions

• Immunize against: (As shown in Advanced Usage) The standard construction for medical protection.
• Immunize from: (As shown in Advanced Usage) Common for legal or figurative protection.

Related Idioms

• (To be) immunized against criticism: (Figurative) To be unaffected or protected from criticism.
  • His stellar record immunized him against the usual criticism.

Học thuật

Verb

1. perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation
   • We vaccinate against scarlet fever
   • The nurse vaccinated the children in the school
2. law: grant immunity from prosecution

Từ đồng nghĩa

• immunise
• inoculate
• vaccinate