elasticity

/,elæs'tisiti/

Thân thiện

Definition

Noun: 1. The physical property of a material that allows it to return to its original shape or size after being deformed by a stretching or compressing force. This is the primary scientific and engineering meaning, describing an object's ability to recover from deformation. 2. The quality of being adaptable, flexible, or resilient, especially in non-physical contexts. This figurative meaning describes the capacity of systems, plans, or people to adjust to changing conditions without breaking.

Usage and Examples

• Physical Property:

  • The elasticity of the rubber band allows it to stretch and then return to its original size.
  • Engineers test the elasticity of metals to ensure they can withstand stress.
  • The waistband had lost its elasticity and no longer fit snugly.

• Figurative Flexibility:

  • The elasticity of the schedule allowed us to accommodate the last-minute change.
  • A good manager possesses the elasticity to handle various unexpected challenges.
  • The elasticity of demand refers to how much consumer desire for a product changes with its price.

Advanced Usage

• Economic Term: In economics, "elasticity" is a precise measure of the responsiveness of one variable to changes in another (e.g., price elasticity of demand, income elasticity).
  • The study focused on the price elasticity of gasoline.
• Mathematical/Physics Context: Described by modulus values (e.g., Young's modulus, shear modulus) quantifying a material's stiffness and ability to return to its original form.
  • The polymer's high elasticity is quantified by its low Young's modulus.

Variants and Related Words

• Elastic (adj/n): Having the property of elasticity; a flexible band or material.
  • An elastic material. She wore an elastic in her hair.
• Elastically (adv): In an elastic manner.
  • The spring moved elastically.
• Inelasticity (n): The lack of elasticity; rigidity.
  • The inelasticity of the clay made it prone to cracking.
• Hyperelasticity (n): A model for materials that can undergo large elastic deformation (specialized engineering term).

Synonyms

• Flexibility: The quality of bending easily without breaking. (Often used interchangeably in figurative contexts.)
• Resilience: The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; in materials, the ability to spring back.
• Springiness: The physical quality of rebounding readily.
• Pliancy: The quality of being easily bent or shaped; suppleness.
• Give (informal): Capacity to yield under pressure.

Antonyms

• Inelasticity: Lack of elasticity.
• Rigidity: Inability to be bent or forced out of shape.
• Stiffness: The quality of being rigid and not easily bent.
• Inflexibility: Unwillingness or inability to change.

Idioms and Phrases

• Elastic conscience: (Figurative, often critical) A conscience that is easily adjusted to excuse one's own behavior.
  • He has an elastic conscience when it comes to interpreting the rules in his favor.
• Elastic clause: (Historical/Legal) A clause in a constitution or document allowing for flexible interpretation to meet future circumstances (e.g., the "Necessary and Proper Clause" in the U.S. Constitution).
  • The elastic clause granted Congress implied powers to carry out its expressed duties.

Học thuật

Noun

1. the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed
   • the waistband had lost its snap

Từ đồng nghĩa

• snap